Kentucky Coffee Tree - Gymnocladus dioicus
Fabaceae: Pea Family
USDA Hardiness Zone: 3
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Kentucky Coffee Tree

This very rough, coarsely branched tree usually grows to a height of 40-70 feet with a trunk diameter of 3 feet. The bark is very rough. The leaves are doubly compound, with about 9 broad oval-shaped leaflets that are pointed and toothless. They are alternate and there is a pair of single leaflets on the base of the main stalk. There are male and female trees, which produce their flowers in white, nodding clusters, and bloom in May to June. The fruit is a broad, leathery, dark brown pod, 4-9 inches long, pulpy inside with 6-8 seeds, and pods persist in the winter. The seeds at one time were used as a substitute for coffee and were called coffee-nuts. The seeds are actually toxic unless boiled thoroughly.


Leaves

The scientific name of the Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioica) means "naked branch." This tree spends about 6 months of the year without leaves. When the doubly compound leaves appear in late spring, they are very large, up to one metre long and 60 cm wide. A legume, the Coffeetree produces long, dark brown leathery pods that contain up to seven rounded, dark, hard-coated seeds. The Kentucky Coffeetree prefers sunny locales in rich woodlands and at the edges of marshes. However, it tolerates a wide variety of growing conditions in full sun.


Kentucky Coffee Tree Bark
With 17-year periodic cicada, Magicicada sp. brood XIII, 2007

Healthy, attractive trees add interest, pleasure, and value to landscapes. Some factors to keep in mind as you select a tree relate to your projected planting site and some factors relate to you. Healthy plants, growing under conditions that suit them, are marvelously engineered to deal with minor incidence of heat, cold, drought, storm damage, pests, and disease. Sometimes we unknowingly stress them, reducing their ability to stay healthy.

Trees provide cover: Birds and small animals need concealed places for nesting and hiding from predators. The presence of wildlife can make your backyard or woodlot a special place for your family and children. As urban sprawl displaces many birds and animals from their natural habitat, it becomes even more important for home and landowners to provide green space and mini-sanctuaries for birds and other wildlife.

Trees provide food: Having a wide variety of trees that provide seeds, nuts and fruit for wildlife to eat is one way to increase your success in attracting wildlife. although artificial bird feeders can supplement naturally occurring foods, they can attract unwanted pests such as pigeons, Canada geese, squirrels, and even rats. Trees also provide food by attracting insects and providing cover for their activities; mating, egg-laying. Insects form a huge portion of the warm-weather food supply for many species of songbirds.

And, most important in this age of man-made global warming, trees sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide.

 

              
 
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