India Quassia - Picrasma quassioides
Quassia Family: Simaroubaceae. Common called Lignum Quassia (Quassia Wood), Nigaki, Shurni, Quassia-wood.
Traditionally used in making insecticide and medicines, this rare tree is native to Japan, Korea, Nepal, and northern India.
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India Quassia Foliage
The leaves of the India Quassia are pinnate, opposite, serrate.

Jamaica quassia extract, a natural bittering agent, is described as "a substance extracted from bark of Jamaica quassia (Quassia excelsa Sw.)" in the List of Existing Food Additives in Japan.(4)  The bitter qualities of the bark extract, quassia, and related alkyloid compounds are well-known in folklore and well-studied in scientific literature.

The following excerpt is taken from an herbal products website which reminds us in a disclaimer: "Written with the conventional wisdom of the early 1900's. (This) should be taken into account as some of the information may now be considered inaccurate, or not in accordance with modern medicine." 

"Medicinal Action and Uses---Quassia, found in the shops in the form of chips or raspings, has no smell but an intense bitter taste, which will always distinguish the pure drug from adulterations; the infusion of these by perstitle of iron gives a bluish-black color, but as the blue Quassia chips contain no tannic acid, no result is produced in the infusion. Quassia wood is a pure bitter tonic and stomachic; it is also a vermicide and slight narcotic; it acts on flies and some of the higher animals as a narcotic poison. It is a valuable remedy in convalescence, after acute disease and in debility and atonic dyspepsia; an antispasmodic in fever. Having no tannic acid, it is frequently given with chalybeates and therefore can be prescribed with stitles of iron; as an aromatic bitter stomachic it acts in the same way as calumba. In small doses Quassia increases the appetite large doses act as an irritant and cause vomiting; its action probably lessens putrefaction in the stomach, and prevents the formation of acid substances during digestion.

A decoction used as an injection will move ascarides; for an enema for this purpose, 3 parts Quassia to 1 part mandrake root are used, and to each ounce of the mixture, 1 fluid drachm of asafoetida or diluted carbolic acid is added; for a child up to three years, 2 fluid ounces are injected into the rectum twice daily. Cups made of the wood and filled with liquid will in a few hours become thoroughly impregnated and this drink makes a powerful tonic. The infusion is made by macerating in cold water for twelve hours 3 drachms of the rasped Quassia to 1 pint of cold water, 2 OZ. of the infusion alone, or with ginger tea, taken three times a day, proves very useful for feeble emaciated people with impaired digestive organs. The extract can be made by evaporating the decoction to a pilular consistence, and taken in 1 grain doses, three or four times daily, this will be found less obnoxious to the stomach than the infusion or decoction. Quassia with sulphuric acid acts as a cure for drunkenness, by destroying the appetite for alcoholics." (I don't know about you, but I've never had much appetite for alcoholics.)(I am one, sober and recovering 18 years now).

India Quassia Tree
This India Quassia tree was started from seed 44 years ago.

Native in
ASIA-TEMPERATE
China: China - Hebei, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan
Eastern Asia: Japan - Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku; Korea; Taiwan
ASIA-TROPICAL
Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh; Nepal

India Quassia
India Quassia-wood Bark is mottled gray, smooth

Trees are essential elements of livable communities and a healthful environment. They are not only beautiful, they carry out many beneficial environmental functions. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas (up to 50 pounds per tree each year), and release oxygen. They shelter and provide nesting habitats for wildlife, retain moisture in soils, hold topsoil in place, and provide shade and cooling.

Trees also provide fruits, nuts, oils, and syrups; pulp for paper, cloth, and rope; and wood for innumerable products and heat. Trees provide both direct and indirect economic benefits. Air-conditioning costs are less in a tree-shaded home, and heating costs are reduced when a home has properly selected and placed windbreaks. Beyond energy savings, landscaping with mature trees increases the value of property.

Indirect economic benefits extend beyond the individual to the community or region. Customers pay lower electricity bills when power companies use less water in their cooling towers and fewer measures to control air pollution. Communities also save money if fewer facilities must be built to control storm water.

Trees make the world more beautiful. They add color, structure, height, and grace to our neighborhoods, parkways, and streetscapes. Trees also neutralize the harshness and stress of urban life. They enrich our lives. Our forests, woodlands, parks, and preserves help us feel more relaxed and serene. A day or even an hour in the woods can help us feel rejuvenated. Trees are magnets for wildlife, which also add beauty, value, and interest to our world.

City and suburban trees often serve several architectural functions. They provide privacy, frame views, and screen out objectionable sights. They reduce glare and reflection, direct pedestrian traffic, and provide background for and soften, complement, or enhance architecture or topography.  --From The Morton Arboretum "Go Green"
 

References:
1. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services
2. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
3. USDA National Agricultural Library
4. Missouri Botanical Garden - w3TROPICOS # 50049632
5. "?Picrasma+quassioides">Plants for a Future Database
 

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