Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus
Salticidae (Jumping Spiders)  / Habronattus (Pelleninae)
Live adult jumping spiders photographed in the wild at DuPage County, Illinois.
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Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus
Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Genus Habronattus is a large diverse genus of medium-sized salticids, primarily ground-dwellers and with highly ornamented males that perform complex courtship displays. Approximately 100 species are known, most from North America, the remainder in the neotropics.  Most are ground-dwelling on open ground with sparse vegetation, especially on rocks, dry leaf litter and sand. The arid southwest has many species, but Florida also has many species, and others are known above the Arctic circle and east to maritime Canada.

Identification: The elbowed tegular apophysis ("conductor") of the palp is distinctive. The third leg is much longer than the fourth, distinguishing these from other superficially similar genera such as Sitticus. The epigynum has a triangular or tubular guide. [3]

Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Jumping spider's anatomical points of interest:
  • Esophagus passes straight through the brain
  • Portion of gut overlies the eyes and brain inside carapace
  • Heart extends from abdomen into cephalothorax
  • Leg muscles attached inside the carapace operate legs like marionette puppets
  • Jumping spider's brain volume to body size proportionate to human, but visual processing region is larger
  • Salticids move retinas inside the eyes to look in different directions, as the lenses are fixed in the carapace

Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus

Male jumping spiders have an unusual method of sexual intercourse: they use their palpi, the little "feelers" beside the face. In the females, these palpi are simple and leg-like. Both males and females use them like little hands, to manipulate food and to clean their faces. But adult males have the palpi swollen and more complex (that's one way to tell a male spider: adult and sub adult males have the palpi swollen like boxing gloves).

When the male is ready to mate, he spins a small web and deposits a drop of sperm on it from the underside of his abdomen. He then places the tip of the palp into the sperm, and draws the sperm through the palp's opening into the sperm duct, where it is stored. He then goes cruising for chicks. If he finds one, he performs a courtship dance for her, during which she assesses his fitness. If she accepts him, he places his palp against an opening on the underside of her abdomen (her epigynum), and guides it into place by putting a thumb-like projection, the tibial apophysis, into a groove in her epigynum. The palpus then expands, locks in place, and injects the sperm. [3]

References
  1. Bugguide.net, Jumping Spider - Habronattus decorus
  2. Arthur V. Evans, National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Insects and Spiders & Related Species of North America (Sterling, 2007).
  3. Maddison, Wayne. 1995. Salticidae. Jumping Spiders. Version 01 January 1995
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