Tachinid Fly - Adejeania vexatrix
Diptera (Flies) » Calyptratae » Oestroidea » Tachinidae » Tachininae 
Live adult fly photographed at Spring Cave, White River National Forest, near Meeker, Colorado, USA. Elevation: 7590 ft.
Size = approx. 18mm, wingspan 20mm

Whale-Tail Fly - Adejeania vexatrix

This lovely orange fly had us almost fooled. It had so many features of a bee-fly in the family Bombyliidae - the long legs, the proboscis, the wings; yet it had the bulbous abdomen, thorax, and setae of a tachinid. It was a clumsy flier - where the bee flies and the Tachinids are generally not. This fly plopped from flower to flower, the comical, wildly-elongated palps (the wheat-colored, pubescent structures jutting straight out of the face) only one of its outstandingly-odd features. The real proboscis is the black structure protruding straight downward into the flower, almost an afterthought, almost as if the fly was hiding its real activity. Now I beginning to wonder - why does that archetypal Tachinid, Archytas, not have this industrial-strength nectar-sucker-hose with the spoon-like gizmo on the end?

Whale-tail fly: dorsal view

The family Tachinidae is considered the largest amongst all the diverse families of Diptera (two-winged true flies). Recent science shows approximately 8,200 species worldwide. Adult tachinid flies are diverse in appearance, but they are generally known for their bristly facies. Archytas exhibits prototypical tachinid features, including a large, metallic-colored abdomen covered with bristles. Many other tachinids, however, are sparsely bristled and exhibit very pale coloration. All Tachinids share the parasitoid habit, and almost all of them are endoparasites of of other insects; in spite of their varied appearance all species of Tachinidae are alike in this characteristic.

Insects most commonly parasitized by the tachinids are the larvae of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and the adults and larval form of the beetles, or Coleoptera. Other tachinids attack true bugs of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera), larva of Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants, sawflies), or adults of Orthoptera (grasshoppers, katydids, crickets and their kin). Rarely do Tachinidae parasitize other Diptera or any other groups of arthropods, however, some of these flies are known to attack woodlice (Isopoda).
 

 

Few tachinids are known to be host-specific, although some species of the genus Phasiinae are limited to a few Hemiptera hosts. Many tachinids will attack insect hosts in 2 or more different orders. Many tachinids parasitize major agricultural pests of food or timber crops, and have potential for use as biological control agents, but most attempts at using them in such wise have been dismal failures.

Among the methods tachinids use to infect their subjects are the oviparous species that place large, macrotype eggs directly on the body of the host, the micro-oviparous, which place tiny, microtype eggs on foliage or other foodstuffs being consumed by the host, or the larviparous, which retain their eggs until maturity; these eggs hatch immediately upon being laid on or near the target. Some female tachinidae that attack bugs or beetles have piercing ovipositors much like wasps in the Hymenoptera family Ichneumonidae.

We are not sure what host our whale-tail fly infests. We hope someone will help out and tell us more about this spectacular insect.

Adejeania vexatrix
Adejeania vexatrix

Hystricia abrupta
A very similar fly, Hystricia abrupta, of eastern North America, lacks the distinctive palps

 

 
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